[#3] Egyptian amulet: faience eye of Horus (wedjat)

Egyptian amulet: faience eye of Horus (wedjat)

Egypt, Late Dynastic Period, 663 - 404 BC

Material: faience

Size: 0.7 x 1.0 cms

Collection: Italian private collection (acquired from a British art gallery in 2017)


The owner guarantees that this item has been acquired and hold in a legal way.


Egyptian bichrome faience Wedjat amulet (the eye of Horus) belonging to the Late Period. The longitudinal hole suggests it was used as a wearable accessory, maybe in a necklace or in a bracelet.

Wedjat amulets were very common amulets in the ancient Egypt. They are often made in faience, often bichrome (black and blue/green) and could symbolize the Sun (Ra) or the Moon (Osiris).


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Faience ushabtis similar to the [#2] one

Here is a selection of ushabtis that are similar to the faience one in the Virtual Museum [#2]. They probably come from its same grave and same mold.

Due esempi di ushabti recanti lo stesso matronimico:

https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/116883
"Ta-sheret-en-ta-Ihet" - Brooklyn Museum, New York (USA) - XXVI dinastia

http://webmuseo.com/ws/musees-bourges/app/collection/record/742
"Ta-Sheret-Ihet" - Musèe du Berry, Bourges (France) - Periodo Tardo

Anubis Ancient Art is an ancient art gallery based in Rotterdam.

Timeline Auction is an auction house based in Harwich.

Anubis Ancient Art - 2016

Anubis Ancient Art - 2016

Anubis Ancient Art - 2014

Anubis Ancient Art - 2016

Timeline Auctions - 2017

Anubis Ancient Art - 2017

Timeline Auctions - 2017

Timeline Auctions - 2017

[#2] Egyptian faience ushabti

Egyptian faience ushabti

Egypt, Late Dynastic Period, 554 - 332 BC (27th - 30th dynasty)

Material: faience

Size: 10.2 x 2.6 cms

Collection: Italian private collection (acquired from a Dutch art gallery in 2017 - before part of a Germn collection formed in the 1970s)


The owner guarantees that this item has been acquired and hold in a legal way.

Here is a collection of similar ushabtis from the same mold.


Inscribed Egyptian faience ushabti belonging to the Late Period (27th - 30th dynasty). The figure follows the funerary tradition: it is mummiform with crossed arms and Osirian beard. It wears a typical headress and brings two agricultural tools in his hands. The frontal vertical panel is inscribed with hieroglyphs.

In ancient Egypt, Ushabti (or Shabits) were funerary figures placed in tombs among the grave goods. They were intended to act as servants of the deceased (above all in agricultual works). Their use started during the Middle Kingdom and developed through the following centuries. The most common materials were faience, wood and pottery. The inscriptions were taken from the 6th chapter of the "Book of the Dead" or from other funerary traditions.

Here is a hypotesis on the ushabti text.


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[#1] Egyptian amulet: faience papyrus

Egyptian amulet: faience papyrus

Egypt, Late Dynastic Period, 663 - 404 BC

Material: faience

Size: 3.6 x 0.9 cms

Collection: Italian private collection (acquired from a Dutch art gallery in 2017 - before part of a Dutch collecion formed in the 1990s)


The owner guarantees that this item has been acquired and hold in a legal way.



Typical Egyptian faience papyrus amulet belonging to the Late Period. The hole on the top suggests it was used as a pendant.

Papyrus amulets were very common amulets in the ancient Egypt. They are often made in faience or lapis lazuli with a color range shifting from green to blue. The papyrus amulets symbolized youthful force and vitality.


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[#0] Egyptian amulet: cornelian scarab

Egyptian amulet: cornelian scarab 

Egypt, Late Dynastic Period, 600 - 500 BC

Material: cornelian

Size: 1.1 x 0.8 cms

Collection: Italian private collection (acquired from an Italian art gallery in 2016)

The owner guarantees that this item has been acquired and hold in a legal way.


Egyptian cornelian scarab amulet belonging to the Late Period. The carving on the top surface outlines the head, the chest and the elytra. The bottom oval surface is devoid of epigraphs. The longitudinal hole suggests his use by the living, for beauty and protection purposes.

Scarabs were among the most common amulets in the ancient Egypt. They symbolized the god Ra and the cycle of death and rebirth. They were used both by the living (such as this cornelian scarab) and the dead (such as the "Heart Scarab" highly important in the ritual of mummification).

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The ancient Egyptian amulets

Credits: ynetnews.com

The amulets were one of the most widespread tools in the ancient Egypt. They had both a aesthetic and religious importance.


Scarabs, papyri, gods and animals were the most used amulets in ancient Egypt. At first they were used only in funerery rituals but then they started to be used also as protection against illnesses and wild animals.





The material was truly important. Different features corresponded to different materials.

GOLD: was tha most valuable metal, symbol of the Sun and the god Ra.

SILVER: symbol of purity whose meaning was linked to the Moon.

LAPIS LAZULI: symbol of the water and youthful vitality.

RED SEMIPRECIOUS STONES (cornelian, jasper, coral): symbolized the blood and the cycle of life and death (with important liks with the rebirth)

The most common Egyptian amulets were:


SCARAB

Scarabs are undoubtedly the most used amulet in ancient Egypt. They were worn both by the livind and the mummies, in particular a scarab amulet called "the Heart Scarab" was put on the dead's chest during the process of mummification. The scarab symbolized the god Ra and the cycle of death and rebirth.

A cornelian scarab is in our Virtual Museum.







HORUS EYE (WEDJAT)

The Horus eye was very common in ancient Egypt. 
Two types had two different meanings:
- right-looking and white: symbolized the Sun and the god Ra;
- left-looking and black: symbolized the Moon and the god Osiris.

A Wedjat amulet is in our Virtual Museum.






PAPYRUS

The papyrus amulet was worn both by living and dead. It was often green or blue (the most common materials were Egyptian faience and lapis lazuli) and symbolized vitality and youthful force.


A papyrus amulet is in our Virual Museum.








ANKH CROSS

It is one of the most important symbol af the ancient Egypt. The Ankh (or the cross of the life) was the direct symbol of life and rebirth. It was often with the dead and drove him in the voyage to the afterlife but also used as a pendant.







FROG

The frog was a sacred animal in Egyptian culture, it was linked to the creation of the world.
Wearing a frog amulet was thought to give fertility.











BES

The god Bes was a grotesque dwarf. Its amulets protected the homes from evil eye and evil spirits. The god Bes was also the protector of all the dancers, the pregnant women ad the babies.